How Smell Contributes to Flavor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8P0Gc_Bbns

This video shows how smell can influence when we taste food through Retronasal Olfaction. Retronasal olfaction is when you smell the scent of the food you are eating while it is already in your mouth and the perception of the odors affect what you taste. I found this interesting because most people would not know that you can still smell when you are eating. When the food is in one's mouth, the aroma goes through the retronasal passage and then is treated the same way scents are delivered through the nostrils. This is a cross modality which also shows the binding problem.

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Negative Afterimage

Reber Shukri Professor Vaughn Negative afterimage is a stimulus which elicits a positive image. In order to experience this, one can look at a bright source of light and then look away to a dark area. The way negative afterimage works is when the eye's photo-receptors which are the rods and cones adapt to over stimulation and lose sensitivity. The photo-receptors which are constantly exposed to the same stimulus will fatigue their supply of photo pigment, resulting a decrease in signal to the brain. The way negative afterimage connects to perception is because of bottom up processing where the stimulus influences what we perceive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szy8iNCljlQ <Link to the video

Illusions that Confuse Multiple Senses

In this video, several illusions are shown that deceive your senses. Illusions such as the Zöllner Illusion and the Poggendorff illusion confuse our bottom up processing by tricking our vision. However, our vision isn't the only sense that these illusions can confuse, blind individuals presented with raised versions of the same illusions are also confused by them. These illusions effect the visual and touch systems by confusing our bottom up processing by tricking out sight and touch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je1mkzRU5rc&t=64s

How Your Expectations Mess With The View of The Present

In this video the waiters and waitresses give the customers a water menu with fancy different names. They then taste the differently packaged water. Since they were convinced that they were actually different types of water, they were comparing them and actually tasted a difference. The reasoning behind this is, since they were told that they were different, they believed what they were told. They perceived what they expected it to be. This is is an example of how your expectations mess with your view of the present. Therefore, they tasted the water to be different but in reality it was tap water the whole time in different bottles.

Philosophy of Perception

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